Paul Cochrane

Paul Cochrane

Geek + Hacker; Dev + Ops

Helping to clean CPAN: July 2016

7 minute read

… where I get out my virtual broom and sweep up cruft in my assigned distribution for this month’s edition of the CPAN Pull Request Challenge.

This month’s module: Module::Path

Module::Path: return the full path of a locally installed module.

First impressions

In this section I try to get a feeling for the state of the module, how up to date it is, how often people are contributing to it, how many other distributions are depending on it, how many bugs/issues it currently has, what the CPANTS kwalitee is, etc.

Initial inspection of the source code

After forking the repo and cloning a local copy, let’s have a look at the project to see what build system it uses, if the test suite works and the tests pass, if it could do with a Travis-CI config file (or if present, if it can be updated).

  • no README.md (fixed in PR#24)
  • Travis config could be updated to more Perl versions (fixed in PR#18)
  • uses Dist::Zilla
  • there is no META.yml or META.json in the repository; looks like they’re automatically generated, since they’re in the dist
  • cpanm --installdeps . works ok
  • dzil test showed that dzil authordeps --missing | cpanm was necessary on my box
  • dzil test runs ok

Code Coverage

Looking at the code coverage can give an indication of code quality. If the project is well covered, this means most changes made in pull requests can be made with some confidence that any problems will be caught by the test suite. If the code coverage is low, then this is something that one could address as a pull request (or set of pull requests).

In EUMM and Build::Module projects, one simply needs to install Devel::Cover and run

$ cover -test

In Dist::Zilla projects, one needs to install the Dist::Zilla::App::Command::cover plugin, after which the code coverage can be checked via:

$ dzil cover

In this distribution, the coverage is:

94.1% statement coverage; 79.6% total coverage

Which is pretty good.

POD checks

The utility podchecker searches through Perl source code for POD which might not conform to the POD standard, and thus not necessarily be parseable by all POD parsers. Fixing any issues found by podchecker has the positive effect of also removing any warnings noted in the project’s documentation displayed on MetaCPAN.

Run podchecker and check for errors and/or warnings.

$ find ./lib -name '*.pm' | xargs podchecker |& grep ERROR # 2 errors

*** ERROR: unresolved internal link 'perlfunc"/"require' at line 100 in file ./lib/Module/Path.pm
*** ERROR: unresolved internal link 'perlfunc"/"require' at line 143 in file ./lib/Module/Path.pm
$ find ./lib -name '*.pm' | xargs podchecker |& grep WARN # 6 warnings

*** WARNING: No argument for =item at line 92 in file ./lib/Module/Path.pm
*** WARNING: No argument for =item at line 97 in file ./lib/Module/Path.pm
*** WARNING: No argument for =item at line 103 in file ./lib/Module/Path.pm
*** WARNING: No argument for =item at line 109 in file ./lib/Module/Path.pm
*** WARNING: No argument for =item at line 114 in file ./lib/Module/Path.pm
*** WARNING: No items in =over (at line 165) / =back list at line 169 in file ./lib/Module/Path.pm

Fixed in PR#20.

Nit-picking

Check for trailing whitespace

Some projects consider this a must, and will disallow commits to be submitted which contain trailing whitespace (the Linux kernel is an example project where trailing whitespace isn’t permitted). Other projects see whitespace cleanup as simply nit-picking. Either way one sees it personally, this could be a useful pull request to a project, so it’s worthwhile fixing and submitting; the worst that can happen is that the pull request is closed unmerged.

To look for files with trailing whitespace, run git grep ' $'. It can be helpful to load the files found directly into vim:

$ vim $(git grep ' $' | cut -d':' -f1 | sort | uniq)

There was only one file to change. Fixed in PR #19.

perlcritic

Perl::Critic will show up many potential issues for Perl code. By simply running perlcritic on the lib and t directories, one can get a further handle on the code’s quality.

$ perlcritic lib
  • code before strictures warnings found
$ perlcritic t
"return" statement with explicit "undef" at line 59, column 5.  See page 199 of PBP.  (Severity: 5)

Removing the explicit undef fixes the issue and looks like it will maintain the required behaviour (the tests also still pass).

Fixed in PR#22.

Find stale URLs

Links to websites can go out of date, so it’s a good idea to see if they need updating or removing. A quick grep finds all the links. After which, we just need to see which links need fixing, if any.

$ git grep 'http://\|https://'
$ git grep 'ftp://'
$ git grep 'git://'

All links look good.

This probably also sits in the nit-picking category for some people, however, copyright dates (theoretically) need to be kept up to date. The appropriate copyright year is usually the year of the last release. However, if a release looks imminent, then the current year is likely to be the right candidate. Some distributions put the author’s email address on the same line as the copyright date, hence this needs to be checked as well.

Here we do a case-insensitive grep over the source for the word “copyright”, the line of which we check for the existence of a year (i.e. 4 digits), look for the appropriate year and then clean up the grep results to get something we can pass directly to vim.

$ COPYRIGHT_YEAR=2016
$ git grep -i copyright
$ vim $(git grep -i copyright | grep -P '\d{4}' | grep -v $COPYRIGHT_YEAR | cut -d':' -f1 | uniq)

There were 3 files to investigate. Fixed in PR#21.

$ vim $(git grep -i copyright | grep -P '\d{4}' | grep -v '@' | cut -d':' -f1 | uniq)

There is one file which appears in this search which is dist.ini and doesn’t need the email address on the same line.

Spell check files with POD

Good documentation can be a wonder to read. Not everyone’s docs are awesome, however we can keep the error rate to a minimum. A quick spell check will pick up most typos that don’t need to be there and fixing them can help improve the quality of a project.

In general, we want to find all files containing POD and run a spell checker (e.g. aspell) over all files, fixing typos we come across as we go. Not all projects require this much effort, however here’s a general-ish way to look for and check all POD in a project:

$ files_with_pod=$(find ./lib -name '*.pm' -o -name '*.pod' \
                 | xargs podchecker 2>&1 \
                 | grep 'pod syntax' | cut -d' ' -f1)
$ for filename in $files_with_pod
do
    pod2text $filename > $filename.txt;
    aspell -c $filename.txt;
done

Now look for .bak file and check differences between it and the output .txt file, the process looks roughly like this:

$ find ./ -name '*.bak'

$ diff -u lib/Path/To/Module.pm.pm.txt.bak lib/Path/To/Module.pm.txt

Then update the appropriate .pm and/or .pod files as necessary.

POD spell checks ok.

Kwalitee tests

Although CPANTS is the main kwalitee reference, one can also run the kwalitee tests locally. One can use the t/kwalitee.t test script from http://peateasea.de/cpan-pull-request-challenge/ for this purpose. However, the script only uses Test::Kwalitee which doesn’t cover as many metrics as CPANTS. Test::Kwalitee::Extra uses set of metrics closer to that used on CPANTS, so replace the kwalitee_ok call with simply use Test::Kwalitee::Extra. More information about the many options to Test::Kwalitee::Extra can be found on the MetaCPAN page.

Run the kwalitee tests in an ExtUtils::MakeMaker or Build::Module distribution like so:

$ RELEASE_TESTING=1 prove t/99kwalitee.t

or, if the distribution uses Dist::Zilla, run

$ dzil test --author --release

This test complains that there isn’t a README, a MANIFEST, a build file or a META.yml. I believe all of these things are automatically generated. After having run

$ dzil build

and having changed into the created directory, and running the tests there, then the kwalitee tests pass.

GitHub issues

Tried to address issue #17 by adding the dirs option to the module_path program in #PR27. The pull request is an attempt at getting close to the right implementation, it isn’t intended as a correct and good way to solve the problem, however will hopefully fuel the inspiration to get a good solution implemented.

RT issues

There are no issues in RT.

Overview of the pull requests made

Conclusion

Even though some of the pull requests were reviewed and merged very quickly, the remaining ones are still waiting for review.

Many thanks to NEILB for merging the PRs and to DOLMEN for feedback on some of the contributions.

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